Procirel – Electronics, Arduino & PCB design tutorials (2026)
200+ expert tutorials · 2026

Electronics, Arduino & Power Systems Mastery

Industry-verified guides: from Ohm’s Law to industrial motor control. Start your engineering journey today.

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What is Arduino?

Arduino: open-source electronics platform

Arduino is the world’s leading electronics prototyping platform. It combines easy hardware and software for beginners and pros. With Arduino you can read sensors, control motors, and build IoT devices. Our 2026 guides include ESP32, industrial IoT, and low-power design.

Core learning paths

⚡ How microcontrollers work (ESP32, Arduino) 📐 Advanced PCB design with KiCad 🔩 Power electronics & motor control 🛠️ 600+ real-world projects

📌 Key takeaways

  • Arduino & ESP32 are the top choices for 2026 IoT projects
  • Proper gain staging prevents amplifier clipping
  • Always use insulated tools for high‑voltage safety
  • Decoupling capacitors stabilize voltage near ICs
  • NPN transistors offer faster switching than PNP
  • KiCad is the best free PCB design software
Oliver Adam placeholder ✓

Oliver Adam, M.Sc. Electronics (Stanford)

Lead Electrical Engineer · Power Systems specialist · 8+ years in industrial automation

Oliver designed grid-tied inverters and taught 15,000+ engineers. Every tutorial is bench-tested and peer-reviewed. He also hosts “Power Electronics with Oliver” (YouTube 75K+ subs).

🎓 M.Sc. Stanford 🏆 400+ projects 📺 75K+ YouTube ✅ Peer-reviewed
🛡️ Reviewed by engineer · Editorial policy
Industrial depth

Featured insights by Oliver Adam

Unique Motor Sizing & Control

Expert analysis on industrial motor selection and modern BLDC control strategies.

Read E‑E‑A‑T Guide →

Real-World Power System Trade-offs

Oliver’s mandate on VFD versus Scott-T conversion for single-to-three phase power.

Read Industrial Analysis →

Essential Engineering Utilities

300+ expert-verified topics for high-value research, from magnetics to PCB layout.

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Knowledge base

Top Electronics Tutorials 2026

Signal Noise

Signal Noise in Circuits: 5 Proven Ways to Eliminate It

Learn shielding, grounding, and bypass capacitors.

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Amplifier

What Is an Amplifier and How Does It Work?

Physics of signal reproduction, amplifier classes.

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Wavelength

Guide to Wavelength and VIBGYOR in Physics

Electromagnetic spectrum, photon energy.

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DC Motors

Complete Guide to DC Motors

Torque-speed, control architectures.

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Monoblock

Monoblock Amplifier Explained: Deep Clean Bass

Dedicated power supplies for high fidelity.

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CNC

CNC Machine: Types, Working, Applications

G‑code to physical movement.

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CRO

How to Use a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)

Visualize electrical signals.

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MOSFET

MOSFET as Switches: Step-by-Step

Gate threshold, high-speed switching.

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Room temp

Measure Room Temperature Accurately

Methods, sensors, accuracy.

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SOP

Simplify Boolean Logic with Sum of Products

Digital logic design.

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Battery

How to Choose the Right Battery

Energy density, chemistries.

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Divider

Mastering Voltage Dividers

Precise output for sensors.

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NPN amp

Build a Simple NPN Amplifier

Common‑emitter biasing, Q‑point.

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Class D/AB

Class D vs. Class AB Amplifier

Sound quality, efficiency tradeoffs.

Compare →
Overheating

Is Your Amplifier Overheating?

Thermal management, heat sinks.

Save gear →
Periodic Table of Elements

Periodic Table of Elements

The Periodic Table is the fundamental roadmap of electronics. From conductive metals to semiconducting silicon, understand how atomic structure determines electrical behavior. Our complete guide covers every group and its engineering applications.

Read Complete Guide

Complete Guide to Modern Electronics Engineering

Procirel is an educational platform dedicated to electronics and engineering. All tutorials are created using verified sources, real-world circuit principles, and industry-standard practices. Content is regularly reviewed for accuracy and clarity to support students, hobbyists, and professionals.

Fundamentals of Electronic Circuits

At the heart of every electronics project lies a solid understanding of electronic circuits. Key principles include Ohm’s Law (V = IR) and Kirchhoff’s Laws for analyzing complex networks.

What Are Passive and Active Components?

Passive components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors store or dissipate energy without amplification. Active components, such as transistors and ICs, amplify signals or act as switches.

Semiconductors and Diodes Explained

Semiconductors like silicon form the backbone of modern devices. Diodes allow current in one direction, essential for rectification.

PCB Design & Manufacturing Process

Transform your circuit ideas into professional printed circuit boards with our step-by-step design guide covering schematic capture, component placement, and routing.

Career Development in Electronics

We provide guidance on building practical skills, preparing for interviews, and staying current with emerging technologies like 5G, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems.

FAQs

Engineering Insights: Frequently Asked Questions

1. Best beginner microcontroller for 2026?
The ESP32 is a professional-grade choice offering built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth at a low cost, making it ideal for IoT and advanced beginner projects.
2. How can I prevent my amplifier from clipping?
Clipping happens when the signal exceeds voltage limits. Proper gain staging and ensuring sufficient power-supply headroom prevents this issue.
3. How do I safely work with high-voltage circuits?
Use insulated tools, a GFCI outlet, and verify wires using a non-contact voltage tester before handling any high-voltage circuit.
4. Why is my circuit getting so hot?
Excess heat is caused by power dissipation. PWM control improves efficiency, and quality heat sinks with thermal paste help manage heat.
5. Practical application of Ohm’s Law?
Ohm’s Law (V = IR) is used to calculate resistor values for LED protection and to set correct operating points for transistors.
6. How do I choose the right component for my project?
Study the datasheet carefully, especially Absolute Maximum Ratings and Electrical Characteristics, to match voltage and current requirements.
7. Breadboard vs PCB failure?
Failures often occur due to parasitic capacitance and poor grounding. Proper PCB routing eliminates these problems.
8. Free PCB design software?
KiCad is the best open-source PCB design tool, suitable for professional designs without licensing fees.
9. Why start with NPN vs PNP?
NPN transistors offer faster electron mobility and are preferred for efficient low-side switching.
10. Active vs Passive components?
Active components can amplify or control signals, while passive components only store or dissipate energy.
11. How to test if a diode is working?
Use diode test mode on a multimeter. A good diode shows voltage drop in one direction and OL in the reverse.
12. Best solder for electronics?
60/40 rosin core solder is beginner-friendly. Professionals often use SAC305 lead-free solder for RoHS compliance.
13. Why use decoupling capacitors?
They stabilize voltage by filtering noise and supplying instant current near IC power pins.
14. Analog vs Digital signals?
Digital signals resist noise better, while analog signals are essential for real-world sensing and audio.
15. How to identify resistor values?
Use color code bands or measure directly with a digital multimeter for accuracy.
16. What is ground in a circuit?
Ground is the 0V reference point and is essential for circuit stability and signal integrity.
Industry experts we follow

Learn from the best

Louis Rossmann

Louis Rossmann

Renowned electronics repair technician, right‑to‑repair advocate. 2.45M YouTube subscribers.

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Scott Defpom

Scott (The Defpom)

Electronics engineer specializing in test equipment and vintage HP/Keysight repairs.

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Individuals are cited for educational reference only. They are not affiliated with Procirel.